How Do Solar Panels Work? A Simple Guide to Solar Energy

Long gone are the days when harnessing energy from the sun was only a futuristic dream – it’s now a simple, efficient way to power homes. But if you’ve ever wondered how solar panels work, you’re not alone! In this guide, we’ll break down the science into everyday language to help you understand solar energy.

How Solar Panels Work: 7 Steps

1. The Basics: Capturing Sunlight

Solar panels are typically placed on roofs, angled to capture the maximum amount of sunlight. Each panel is made up of small units called photovoltaic (PV) cells, which do the heavy lifting. When sunlight hits these cells, it kicks off a process known as the photovoltaic effect, where light energy excites electrons in the PV cells. This excitement causes the electrons to start moving, creating an electric current.

Recommended Read: The Different Types of Solar Panels

2. Creating Direct Current (DC) Electricity

This movement of electrons through the PV cells creates direct current (DC) electricity, which flows in a single direction. However, most of our home appliances run on alternating current (AC), so the DC power needs a little upgrade before it can be used.

3. The Solar Inverter: Converting DC to AC

Enter the solar inverter. This clever device takes the DC electricity produced by the solar panels and converts it to AC electricity. Think of it as an adapter that transforms the energy into the form your home can actually use. It’s an essential part of any solar setup, as it makes sure the power generated is compatible with household appliances.

4. Powering Your Home

Once converted to AC, the electricity flows into your home’s electrical panel (often called the breaker box). From there, it’s distributed throughout your home to power your lights, fridge, computer, and more. When your solar panels generate enough energy, they can power everything you need!

5. Extra Energy? Send it to the Grid!

If your panels produce more electricity than you’re using, that surplus doesn’t go to waste. Through a two-way utility meter, the extra energy is sent back to the electric grid, essentially “selling” the power back. This not only contributes to the wider energy network but could also earn you credits on your electricity bill – a nice little bonus called a feed-in tariff.

6. Optional Solar Batteries: Storing Solar Energy for Later

Solar batteries can store any extra power your panels generate, letting you tap into them during cloudy days or at night when the panels aren’t active. Batteries are becoming more common as a backup option for homes wanting consistent access to solar power. If you choose to install one, your battery connects to the system either directly (for DC storage) or via the inverter (for AC storage), depending on the setup.

• Is a battery worth it? This depends on your energy needs, budget, and local feed-in tariffs. In some cases, the savings from a feed-in tariff might outweigh the upfront costs of a battery, but having storage can make your energy supply more flexible.

7. Monitoring and Maintaining Your Solar Panels

Most solar systems come with monitoring options so you can track your energy production. Regular checks and maintenance, like cleaning the panels and inspecting the system, help keep your solar setup running smoothly. Generally, solar panels are pretty low-maintenance, but a bit of care can ensure maximum efficiency and a longer lifespan.

Understanding Solar Panel Efficiency

Several factors affect how well your solar panels work. Here are a few key things to consider:

• Sunlight Intensity: The more sunlight your panels receive, the more energy they’ll produce. Like most of Australia, regions with lots of sunny days are ideal for solar systems.
• Roof Angle and Orientation: Panels should be angled towards the sun to capture the most sunlight. In Australia, that generally means a north-facing roof angled around 30-40 degrees.
• Energy Consumption Patterns: Your household’s energy needs also play a role. During summer, with longer days, you’ll get more solar power. But in winter, your panels may need to work a bit harder.

How the Grid Works with Your Solar System

Australia’s grid rules can vary, and understanding them can be helpful when setting up your solar system. When your solar system is connected to the grid, you can usually feed in extra electricity, which earns you credits.

However, each region’s Distributed Network Service Provider (DNSP) – the company that manages the local poles and wires – has guidelines around how much power you can export. Small systems generally get automatic approval, but larger or commercial systems often need a more thorough review.

The Future of Solar: Virtual Power Plants (VPP)

For those looking to maximise their solar investment, some energy providers offer Virtual Power Plants (VPP) programs. In a VPP, individual home batteries are connected to work as one large battery network, which can help stabilise the grid. During times of high energy demand, your battery can sell power at peak rates, offering extra savings.

Ready to Switch to Solar?

As mentioned, switching to solar can be a great way to cut down on energy costs while doing your bit for the planet. If you’re considering it, get in touch with us today to discuss the best battery option for your home, whether you already have solar or want a whole new system. Our friendly team will be more than happy to discuss different options and providers with you.

Frequently Asked Questions

How Long Do Solar Panels Last?

Most panels come with a warranty of 20-40 years, but many last even longer with good maintenance. Inverters usually need replacing after 10-15 years.

Do Solar Panels Work on Cloudy Days?

Yes, but they’re less efficient. Panels produce some energy on cloudy days, but more sunlight means better performance.

Will I Still Have Power During a Blackout?

If you have a solar battery, it can provide backup power during a blackout. Without a battery, you’ll rely on the grid, and any solar energy you generate may be temporarily paused.